HYAL3

This gene encodes a protein which is similar in structure to hyaluronidases. Hyaluronidases intracellularly degrade hyaluronan, one of the major glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronan is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, this protein has not yet been shown to have hyaluronidase activity. The gene is one of several related genes in a region of chromosome 3p21.3 associated with tumor suppression. [provided by RefSeq]

Full Name

hyaluronoglucosaminidase 3

Function

Facilitates sperm penetration into the layer of cumulus cells surrounding the egg by digesting hyaluronic acid. Involved in induction of the acrosome reaction in the sperm. Involved in follicular atresia, the breakdown of immature ovarian follicles that are not selected to ovulate. Induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, possibly via apoptotic signaling pathway involving CASP8 and CASP3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Has no hyaluronidase activity in embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Has no hyaluronidase activity in granulosa cells in vitro.

Biological Process

Carbohydrate metabolic process Source: InterPro
Cartilage development Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to interleukin-1 Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to UV-B Source: UniProtKB
Hyaluronan catabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Inflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of ovarian follicle development Source: UniProtKB
Ovarian follicle atresia Source: UniProtKB
Penetration of zona pellucida Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis Source: UniProtKB
Response to antibiotic Source: UniProtKB
Response to virus Source: UniProtKB

Cellular Location

Secreted; Endoplasmic reticulum; Early endosome; Cell membrane; Acrosome. Mostly present in low-density vesicles. Low levels in higher density vesicles of late endosomes and lysosomes. Localized in punctate cytoplasmic vesicles and in perinuclear structures, but does not colocalize with LAMP1. Localized on the plasma membrane over the acrosome and on the surface of the midpiece of the sperm tail.

PTM

N-glycosylated.