PDCD1 Antibodies

Structure of PDCD1

PDCD1 is an immune checkpoint transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 55-60 kDa. This value shows slight differences among different species, mainly due to the degree of glycosylation modification and the minor changes in the extracellular immunoglobulin domain (IgV).

This protein is composed of 288 amino acids, and its extracellular region contains an immunoglobulin-mutable (IgV) domain, which forms a specific spatial conformation through intramolecular disulfide bonds. The intracellular segment carries two characteristic signaling motifs: the tyrosin-based immunosuppressive receptor motif (ITIM) and the tyrosin-based conversion motif (ITSM). These two motifs deliver inhibitory signals by recruiting SHP-2 phosphatase. The entire molecule specifically binds to the ligand PD-L1/PD-L2 through its IgV domain, and this interaction constitutes the structural basis of immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Fig. 1 Schematic of IL-12 Knock-in at the PDCD1 Locus via CRISPR/AAV6.¹

Key structural properties of PDCD1:

• Extracellular immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) domains
• Transmembrane region and intracellular segment containing immunoreceptor inhibitory motif (ITIM) and switching motif (ITSM)
• Cysteine residues form intramolecular disulfide bonds to stabilize the steric conformation

Functions of PDCD1

The main function of PDCD1 (programmed death receptor 1) is to transmit immunosuppressive signals to maintain autoimmune tolerance, while mediating immune escape in the tumor microenvironment.

The inhibitory signal intensity of PD-1 is significantly stronger than that of other immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4. Its activation can lead to a significant downregulation of the secretion of key cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ. This characteristic makes it one of the most effective targets in tumor immunotherapy.

Applications of PDCD1 and PDCD1 Antibody in Literature

1. Alexey, Palamarchuk, et al. "PDCD1 (PD-1) is a direct target of miR-15a-5p and miR-16-5p." Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 7.1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00832-9

The article indicates that the PD-1 protein encoded by the PDCD1 gene is a key regulatory receptor for T-cell immunity. Its binding to the ligand PD-L1 can inhibit T cell activity, and various tumors achieve immune escape through this pathway. Antibody drugs targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various cancers.

2. Wang, Yucheng, et al. "Identification of PDCD1 as a potential biomarker in acute rejection after kidney transplantation via comprehensive bioinformatic analysis." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (2023): 1076546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076546

The article indicates that through bioinformatics analysis, it was found that PDCD1 is a key gene for acute kidney transplant rejection. This study revealed that rejection is closely related to T-cell exhaustion and confirmed that PDCD1 can serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing acute rejection.

3. Goltz, Diane, et al. "PDCD1 (PD-1) promoter methylation predicts outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients." Oncotarget 8.25 (2017): 41011. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17354

Research has found that hypermethylation of the PDCD1 gene is an independent adverse prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and is significantly associated with a shortened overall survival period of patients. This indicator may help identify people with a poor prognosis and guide them to receive stronger chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

4. Kobayashi, Mizuki, et al. "Severe immune-related adverse events in patients treated with nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma are associated with PDCD1 polymorphism." Genes 13.7 (2022): 1204. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071204

This study explores the relationship between PDCD1 gene polymorphism and the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The results showed that patients carrying the PD-1.6G allele had a significantly higher risk of serious and multiple immune-related adverse events.

5. Silva, Mauro César da, et al. "Increased PD-1 level in severe cervical injury is associated with the rare programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) rs36084323 a allele in a dominant model." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 11 (2021): 587932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.587932

This study explores the role of PDCD1 in HPV-related cervical lesions. Studies have found that the expression of PD-1 protein increases in the area of cervical injury. The -606G>A polymorphism of the PDCD1 gene affects its expression. Patients carrying the A allele have a higher PD-1 level, which may promote the immune escape of HPV.

Creative Biolabs: PDCD1 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality PDCD1 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

• Custom PDCD1 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
• Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
• Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
• Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our PDCD1 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.