SOCS1 Antibodies

Background

SOCS1, as an intracellular protein containing a SH2 domain, plays a crucial negative regulatory role in immune cells. This protein regulates cytokine signal transduction by inhibiting the activity of JAK kinases, thereby preventing excessive immune activation and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. Patients with autoimmune diseases often exhibit abnormal function of SOCS1, which can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses. This gene was initially discovered by Starr et al. in 1997. As an important member of the cytokine signal inhibitor family, it has been proven to participate in the regulation of various signaling pathways. The unique kinase inhibitory domain of SOCS1 enables it to efficiently block signal transduction. Subsequent studies have revealed its multiple functions in tumor occurrence, viral infection, and metabolic regulation, providing an important foundation for understanding the mechanism of immune tolerance and developing targeted therapies.

Structure Function Application Advantage Our Products

Structure of SOCS1

SOCS1 is a relatively small intracellular protein with a molecular weight of approximately 24 kDa. The molecular weight of this protein varies slightly among different species due to minor differences in their amino acid sequences.

Species	Human	Mouse	Rat	Pig	Chicken
Molecular Weight (kDa)	24.0	23.8	23.9	24.1	24.5
Primary Structural Differences	Contains conserved SOCS box and SH2 domain	High homology with humans, functional domains are consistent	Highly similar to mouse sequence	Minor variations exist in the kinase inhibitory region	Relatively conserved in evolution, with slight structural differences

The SOCS1 protein is composed of 211 amino acids and folds into a compact spherical conformation through its primary structure. The protein structure contains a central SH2 domain (phosphotyrosine binding site) and a C-terminal SOCS box. This structure enables it to efficiently recognize and target signaling molecules such as JAK kinases. The expression level of SOCS1 in immune cells is rapidly induced by cytokine stimulation, demonstrating its functional characteristics as a negative feedback regulator. The secondary structure of this protein is mainly composed of multiple α-helices and β-sheets. The specific binding pocket formed by the SH2 domain is responsible for recognizing phosphorylated tyrosine residues, while the SOCS box mediates the interaction with the extended protein complex, ultimately leading to the degradation of the target protein through the ubiquitination pathway. The kinase inhibitory region at the N-terminus can directly act on the active site of JAK kinase, ensuring the precise control of cytokine signals.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the SOCS1 domain architecture.¹

Key structural properties of SOCS1:

Contains a central SH2 domain
C-terminal SOCS box structure
N-terminal kinase inhibitory region
Enzymes related to the SOCS box ubiquitination pathway

Functions of SOCS1

The main function of SOCS1 is to act as a negative regulator of the cytokine signaling pathway, exerting a crucial inhibitory effect in immune cells. However, this protein is also involved in various physiological processes, including regulation of inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as antiviral immunity.

Function	Description
JAK kinase inhibition	SOCS1 directly binds to the kinase inhibitory region at the N-terminus of the JAK kinase active site, blocking its phosphorylation activity, thereby terminating the cytokine signal transduction.
Signal Transduction Regulation	By utilizing the SH2 domain to recognize phosphorylated residues of receptors or JAK kinases on tyrosine, it competitively inhibits the recruitment and activation of signal molecules such as STAT.
Target Protein Ubiquitination	The C-terminal SOCS box acts as an adapter for the E3 ubiquitin ligase, recruiting the extension protein complex, and transferring ubiquitin molecules to the JAK kinase or receptor, causing them to be degraded by the proteasome.
Maintenance of immune homeostasis	Through negative feedback mechanisms, it prevents excessive immune activation and plays a protective role in autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, and uncontrolled inflammation.
Antiviral Response Regulation	It is rapidly induced during viral infection and regulates the intensity of antiviral immunity by inhibiting the type I interferon signaling pathway, thereby avoiding immune pathological damage.

The expression regulation curve of SOCS1 exhibits the characteristics of rapid induction and rapid attenuation. Unlike the housekeeping genes that maintain basal expression in a quiescent state, this indicates its functional property as an immediate response-type negative feedback regulator.

Applications of SOCS1 and SOCS1 Antibody in Literature

1. Liau, Nicholas PD, et al. "The molecular basis of JAK/STAT inhibition by SOCS1." Nature communications 9.1 (2018): 1558. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04013-1

The article indicates that SOCS1 inhibits inflammatory cytokine signals through two mechanisms: the structural variation of the SOCS box weakens the recruitment ability of Cullin5, but the kinase inhibitory region can specifically target the binding groove of JAK substrates and directly block their catalytic activity, thereby efficiently inhibiting the IFNγ pathway.

2. Bidgood, Grace M., et al. "SOCS1 is a critical checkpoint in immune homeostasis, inflammation and tumor immunity." Frontiers in Immunology 15 (2024): 1419951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419951

The article indicates that SOCS1, as an immune checkpoint, inhibits the signaling of cytokines such as interferons through negative feedback, regulating antiviral and anti-tumor immunity. Abnormal function of SOCS1 can lead to autoimmune diseases, while in tumors, it restrains the immune response. Targeting SOCS1 is expected to become a new strategy for enhancing immunotherapy.

3. Sharma, Jatin, and Joseph Larkin III. "Therapeutic implication of SOCS1 modulation in the treatment of autoimmunity and cancer." Frontiers in pharmacology 10 (2019): 324. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00324

The article indicates that SOCS1 is a key protein regulating immunity and inflammation. Its absence can lead to the death of mice and an increased risk of cancer. Its genetic polymorphism is associated with autoimmune diseases. The article explains the mechanism of action of SOCS1 and its therapeutic potential in related diseases, and briefly describes the research progress of JAK inhibitors.

4. Sharma, Jatin, and Joseph Larkin III. "Therapeutic implication of SOCS1 modulation in the treatment of autoimmunity and cancer." Frontiers in pharmacology 10 (2019): 324. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00324

The article indicates that the SOCS1 protein is crucial for regulating the immune system and controlling inflammation. It is involved in immune regulation and the cell cycle, and genetic defects in this gene can cause the death of mice and an increased risk of cancer. Related mutations are also associated with inflammatory diseases in humans. This article explores the mechanism of action of SOCS1 and its potential in treating autoimmune diseases and cancer, and briefly describes JAK inhibitors.

5. Lessard, Frédéric, et al. "SOCS1: phosphorylation, dimerization and tumor suppression." Oncoscience 6.11-12 (2019): 386. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncoscience.495

The article indicates that SOCS1 and SOCS3 can inhibit tumors by activating p53 and regulating processes such as apoptosis and ferroptosis. The study found that the SRC kinase can phosphorylate SOCS1, blocking its binding to p53. The combined use of the SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the p53 activator PRIMA can restore the tumor-suppressing function of SOCS1-p53, providing a new idea for cancer treatment.

Creative Biolabs: SOCS1 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality SOCS1 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

Custom SOCS1 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our SOCS1 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.

Reference

Liau, Nicholas PD, et al. "The molecular basis of JAK/STAT inhibition by SOCS1." Nature communications 9.1 (2018): 1558. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, and cropped from the original figure. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04013-1