TOP2A

This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, alpha, is localized to chromosome 17 and the beta gene is localized to chromosome 3. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia.

DNA Topoisomerase II Alpha

Key decatenating enzyme that alters DNA topology by binding to two double-stranded DNA molecules, generating a double-stranded break in one of the strands, passing the intact strand through the broken strand, and religating the broken strand (PubMed:17567603, PubMed:18790802, PubMed:22013166, PubMed:22323612).
May play a role in regulating the period length of ARNTL/BMAL1 transcriptional oscillation (By similarity).

Apoptotic chromosome condensationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Cellular response to DNA damage stimulusManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Chromosome segregationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
DNA ligationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
DNA topological changeManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Embryonic cleavageIEA:Ensembl
Female meiotic nuclear divisionIEA:Ensembl
Hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationIEA:Ensembl
Negative regulation of DNA duplex unwindingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of apoptotic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediateManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIIEA:Ensembl
Regulation of circadian rhythmISS:UniProtKB
Resolution of meiotic recombination intermediatesManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Rhythmic processIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Sister chromatid segregationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central

Cytoplasm
Nucleus, nucleoplasm
Nucleus
Nucleus, nucleolus

Phosphorylation has no effect on catalytic activity. However, phosphorylation at Ser-1106 by CSNK1D/CK1 promotes DNA cleavable complex formation.